======  Historia komputerów i systemów operacyjnych ======
    

[[https://www.top500.org/lists/top500/2023/06/|TOP 500]] (06.2023)

Historia komputerów i obliczeń: [[wp>History_of_computing_hardware]] 
    * [[wp>Abacus]], [[wp>Napier's_bones]], kalkulator [[wp>Wilhelm_Schickard|W. Schicarda]], [[wp>Pascalina]], roboty i krosno [[wp>Jacques_de_Vaucanson]], krosno [[wp>Joseph_Marie_Jacquard|Jackquarda]], [[wp>Difference engine]], [[wp>Analytical_Engine]], maszyna licząca [[wp>Herman_Hollerith|Holleritha]], komputer [[wppl>Atanasoff-Berry_Computer|ABC]]
    * [[wppl>ENIAC]], [[wppl>Centrum_Szyfrów_Enigma_w_Poznaniu]], [[wp>Colossus_computer]] (Mark 1, Mark 2), [[wppl>EDVAC]]
    * IAS [[wp>Von_Neumann_architecture]], [[https://www.cs.unh.edu/~pjh/courses/cs611/03spr/ias.html|IAS instructions]], [[https://electronics-club.com/the-von-neumann-architecture/|The Von Neumann Architecture]]
    * [[wp>UNIVAC_I]], [[wp>IBM_700|IBM seria 700]], [[wp>PDP-8]]
    * systemy podziału czasu [[wp>Compatible_Time-Sharing_System|CTSS]] [[wp>MULTICS]]
    * wkład polski: [[wppl>ARAL]], [[wppl>Analizator_Równań_Różniczkowych|ARR]], [[wppl>XYZ]], [[wppl>Odra_(komputer)]] [[wppl>K-202]], [[wppl>Mera_300]]
    * Historia OS: [[wp>Timeline_of_operating_systems]] [[http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/taoup/html/ch03s02.html|Porównanie wg. ESR]], [[wp>History_of_Unix]]
    * Linux: {{http://fizyka.umk.pl/~jkob/_downloads/8800d324a75dfe1730f8fa8457c6d67e/linux30.pdf|}}
      * [[wppl>POSIX]], [[wppl>GNU]], [[wp>Free_Software_Foundation|FSF]], [[wppl>GNU_General_Public_License|GPL]], [[wppl>OSI]]
      * [[https://www.linuxfoundation.org/|The Linux Foundation]]  
      *  [[https://makelinux.github.io/kernel/map/|Interactive linux kernel map]]
      * [[https://kernel.org/]] [[wp>Linux_kernel_version_history]]